Elon Musk says AI and robotics will solve the US debt crisis within three years by driving productivity beyond inflation. BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images

Elon Musk says the US debt problem has only one escape hatch: AI.

Musk, in a conversation with investor and podcaster Nikhil Kamath published on Sunday, said that the only way out of America’s deepening fiscal hole is productivity driven by AI and robotics.

“That’s pretty much the only thing that’s going to solve for the US debt crisis,” said Musk. “It probably would cause significant deflation,” he added.

The national debt reached $38.34 trillion as of November 26 — more than double its value a decade ago, per data from the US Treasury.

AI has not yet boosted productivity enough to push economic output above the pace of inflation — but that’s about to change, Musk said.

“In three years or less, my guess is goods and services output will exceed the rate of inflation,” he added.

Musk said the advancements in AI and robotics would bring humans to “the point where working is optional,” likely in the next two decades.

Musk described this outcome as “universal high income,” a world where productivity is so high, and goods and services so abundant, that people don’t have to work to meet their basic needs.

Over the past few weeks, Musk has outlined his vision for how AI could remake the global economy.

At a Tesla shareholder event last month, the CEO said its Optimus robot could eliminate poverty and the need for human labor.

“People often talk about eliminating poverty, giving everyone amazing medical care,” Musk said at the shareholder event. “There’s actually only one way to do that, and that’s with the Optimus robot.”

Musk also said at the US-Saudi Investment Forum last month that money would “stop being relevant” in the future of AI.

“There will still be constraints on power like electricity and mass,” Musk said. “But I think at some point currency becomes irrelevant.”

Economists have long touted shorter workweeks from tech-enabled productivity boosts. John Maynard Keynes predicted in 1930 that future generations would work just 15 hours a week thanks to technological progress.

AI will transform the economy

Tech leaders have been vocal about AI’s power to reshape the global economy.

Google CEO Sundar Pichai told the BBC in an interview last month that AI carries the “potential for extraordinary benefits” but will also spark “societal disruptions.”

“It will create new opportunities,” said Pichai. “It will evolve and transition certain jobs, and people will need to adapt. And then there will be areas where it will impact some jobs, so as a society, I think we need to have that conversation.”

Investor Vinod Khosla said in September that AI will eventually handle 80% of the work in 80% of jobs, a shift he said will erode the value of human labor and give people more free time. To avoid a spike in inequality, Khosla said governments will need to adopt a universal basic income.

Not everyone believes the benefits of AI are positive and equally distributed. Geoffrey Hinton, often referred to as the “godfather of AI,” said in an interview with the Financial Times that while AI will generate a “huge rise in profits,” most of that wealth will flow to a small group of people at the top.

“It will make a few people much richer and most people poorer,” Hinton said in September, adding that AI is likely to create “massive unemployment.”

He said the problem isn’t the technology itself, but the “capitalist system” that determines who captures the value AI creates.